The air quality models can be classified as point, area or line source models depending upon the source of pollutants being modelled. Line source models are used to simulate the dispersion of vehicular pollutants near highways or roads where vehicles continuously emit pollutants. Several models have been formulated to predict pollutant concentrations near highways or roads by approximating them as line sources. Vehicular pollution modelling, in general, refers to carrying out air pollution prediction estimates by simulating the impact of emissions from vehicular activity in a given region. In an urban environment, its effect needs to be taken into consideration in addition to the contribution of other types of sources, namely the area and/or point source for air quality predictions.
Highway dispersion models are generally used for analyzing the output of an existing or proposed highways/roads at a distance of tens to hundreds of meters downwind. In this region, the effect of vehicular pollution and vehicular activity is considered to be the primary consideration for air quality prediction analysis.
Further, there is an immediate need to improve the monitoring and emission inventory capabilities that are a prerequisite and essential for formulating various air pollution control and management strategies. Moreover, there is an urgent need to develop further modelling capabilities that are more appropriate for Nigerian conditions.
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