The oil exploitation in the majority in the world, always raised a surging debate between the governments, the oil companies and the local population. This debate generally turns around the interests which are sometimes divergent. With an aim of reconciling these positions, a series of dialogues is made as a preliminary to guarantee the economic prosperity of the States concerned, the oil companies and the wellbeing of the populations. It is from this point of view that this study is undertaken. The objective is to describe the perception of the bordering populations on the oil exploitation project in the Zina and Makary blocks in Cameroon far north region. To achieve this goal, the methodology of this work will consist in collecting the remote sensing data that comes primarily from the recent LANDSAT images (2016) which cover the Zina and Makary blocks. The other data were collected near the organizations like SEMRY, PDRCL, IUCN, SNV, SNH, and ACEEN. Then a sampling of 215 people was carried out on 27 villages including 13 in the Zina block and 14 in the Makary block. Satellite images of the zone were exploited to analyze the evolution of the vegetation and the space occupation. A questionnaire was prepared and managed for this purpose. Interviews were also carried out. of this methodology, it arises with more than 80 %, that this oil exploitation could be at the origin of possible various development projects. On the other hand, for less than 57.78 % of surveyed the project will be able to involve the emergence of new occupations. The oil exploitation according to populations in the Zina and Makary blocks will as well utter positive impacts as negative on the socio economic and environmental plans. As positive identified impacts, the populations with more than 75 % think that the oil activities exploitation in their homeland will create some jobs opportunities. What will reabsorb unemployment and will improve their living standard and will allow the blossoming of other projects in the zone. The bordering populations suspect besides that the construction of the multiple socio-collective infrastructures that could be generated by the project seems as solution to their growth and the project integration in the environment for a sustainable development. The populations hope besides with nearly 85 % on the aforementioned project for the improvement of their living conditions and the ecosystem service conservation of their homeland.
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