A Mathematical Model Explains the Prognostic Influence of C1q Polymorphism on Rituximab Treatment of Nodular Lymphoma
- Country : India
- Subject : Mechanical Engineering
Keywords : Monoclonal antibodies; Antigen; Immune cells; Malignant; Complement unit
Abstract
A particular monoclonal antibody (mAB) binds to a particular antigen on the target cell, and thereby kills the target cell by direct killing, or by Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC), or by Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC), or by Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP). Rituximab is one of the anti-CD20 mABs which has been found to be effective in killing the cancer cells in the patients of Nodular Lymphoma (NL). Three different treatment efficacies of Rituximab have been demonstrated in NL patients in the background of C1q polymorphism: in the background of null C1q Rituximab fails completely, in the background of low levels of C1q protein the patient response is high, and in the background of high levels of C1q protein the patient response is low. Assuming that the killing of the cancerous cells in the patients of NL by Rituximab treatment is CDC dominant, I propose a mathematical model which captures qualitatively the different treatment efficacies of Rituximab in NL patients in the background of C1q polymorphism. I also argue in the end that the killing of the cancerous cells in the patients of NL by Rituximab treatment is perhaps CDC dominant. The purpose of developing the mathematical model in this work has been to show the scientists the way to determine if CDC is the dominant mechanism of killing by Rituximab.
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