Background and aim: The study evaluated the potential of extracted pectin from Citrus sinensis and Magifera indica fruit peels and compared with standard Carboxymethyl cellulose BP and Pectin BP respectively as binders in the formulation of Amoxicillin capsules.
Methods: Pectin was extracted from both fruits of C. sinensis and M. indica peels using ethanol (95%) – hydrochloric acid (HCL) (1:20, pH 2.0) under reflux at 90o C for 60 minutes. These extracts were dried, milled and subjected to spectral and phytochemical analysis. Dry granulation technique was used to prepare amoxicillin granules, milled, and evaluated for micromeritics properties. The granules were carefully hand- filled into hard gelatin shells to contain 500 mg of amoxicillin trihydrate per capsule. Weight uniformity, disintegration time and dissolution profiles of the various batches were determined.
Results: Both C, sinensis and M. indica peel powders contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, and tannin and carbohydrate. The average angle of repose for Amoxicilin granules containing orange and mango peel pectin, pure pectin and carboxymethyl cellulose were: 33.69o, 34.27o, 33.43o and 34.33o respectively. Bulk density – 0.06, 0.63, 0.61 and 0.69 g/cm3. Tapped density – 0.70, 0.71, 0.71 and 0.69 g/ml. Hausner’s ratio – 1.17, 1.11, 1.17 and 1.14, respectively. The flow rates of the granules were generally satisfactory, hence can be readily compressed or filled into gelatin capsule shells. Weight variation of Amoxicillin capsules prepared with orange and mango peel pectin, pure pectin and carboxymethyl cellulose ranged from 0.68 to 0.069; 0.67 to 0.71; 0.67 to 0.71 and 0.69 to 0.70 mg respectively. Disintegration time with orange and mango peel pectin, pure pectin and carboxymethyl cellulose ranged from 4.29 to 7.07; 5.01 to 9.69; 5.17 to 6.17; 3.19 to 3.95 min, respectively. Dissolution profiles showed amount of drug released from Amoxicillin capsules formulated with orange peel pectin at 60 min to be between 50% (5%w/w) to 70% (1%w/w); mango peel pectin 58% (5%w/w) to 78% (1%w/w) and carboxymethyl cellulose 45% (5%w/w) to 63% (1%w/w) and pure pectin 52% (5%w/w) to 78% (1%w/w) respectively.
Conclusion: Pectins extracted from Citrus sinensis and Magnifera indica fruit peels exhibited good and comparative binding and release properties with those of amoxicillin capsules formulated with Carboxymethyl cellulose BP (CMC), and Pectin BP respectively; hence, can serve as substitute binders in the formulation of amoxicillin trihydrate capsules.
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