Increasing Added Value of Low Rank Coal through Humic Acid Extraction. Case study; Extraction of Humic acid from lignite coal of the Sajau Formation in North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
- Country : Indonesia
- Subject : Geology
Keywords : lignite, humic acid, pre-treatment nitric acid, KOH, Berau Basin.
Abstract
In this study, humic acid was extracted from low-rank lignite from the Sajau Formation, Berau Basin, Indonesia, through chemical pretreatment with HNO3. The lignite samples were subjected to nitric acid oxidation followed by extraction using different concentrations of KOH. Raw lignite and nitric acid-treated coal were analyzed using proximate and ultimate analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of nitric acid-treated coal have shown a decrease in ash and fixed carbon, with low aromaticity and increased oxygenation bonds with more oxygen and nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur, and lower C content. Different concentrations of KOH solution, namely 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5% were used as alkali treatments for humic acid production. According to the analysis results, it can be concluded that the concentration of KOH 4.5% in lignite causes an increase in the maximum yield of humic acid from 38.38% - 57.93% for treated lignite compared to raw lignite. Humic acid produced through oxidation of HNO3 and 4.5 KOH concentrations showed more significant amount of humic material with increased efficiency compared to raw coal.
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