This study, conducted in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, highlights the socio-economic and ecological importance of Calotropis procera among local populations. The main objective is to analyse farmers’ perceptions and the ethnobotanical uses of C. procera in order to support its sustainable management within this ecological zone. The methodology combines a mixed approach, including ethnobotanical surveys, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and statistical analysis of the collected data. These data made it possible to assess local perceptions, indigenous knowledge, and the impacts of C. procera on agro-pastoral activities across four localities of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Findings reveal a remarkable diversity of uses, particularly medicinal (54.50%), ritual, veterinary and energy-related (27.59%), attesting to the richness of endogenous knowledge transmitted within the local communities. However, these forms of knowledge vary across ethnic groups and generations, reflecting cultural adaptation and a gradual erosion of traditional heritage. Farmers’ perceptions of the species remain ambivalent: on one hand, it is valued for its therapeutic virtues and its wood; on the other, it is considered harmful and invasive due to its ability to compete with crops. Ecologically, its expansion is explained by its strong ecological plasticity, drought tolerance, and the influence of anthropogenic disturbances. Nevertheless, a reasoned valorization of the species could contribute to soil restoration and the diversification of local resources.
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