Stroke and Neurological Complications

Author Dewi Hastuty
Co-Author Andini Aswar
DOI https://ww

Country : Indonesia
Subject : Neurology

Keywords : Stroke, Neurological complications, Nursing assessment, ABCDE methods, Early Warning Score, Stroke Unit

Abstract

Stroke is a global health problem and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The burden of stroke is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, where stroke prevalence remains significant and continues to increase due to inadequate risk factor management. In addition to the primary vascular insult, stroke patients often experience various medical and neurological complications that contribute to prolonged hospitalization, increased disability, higher mortality, and greater healthcare costs. Early identification and appropriate management of these complications are essential to improve patient outcomes. This manuscript provides an overview of stroke definition and classification, cerebral circulation, and recognition of early signs and symptoms. Particular attention is given to systematic approaches in acute care, such as the ABCDE method and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), which enable stroke-skilled nurses to detect early deterioration in clinical and neurological status. Common emergencies such as decreased consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and seizures require timely intervention guided by standardized protocols. Stroke nurses play a crucial role in performing comprehensive neurological assessments, including consciousness, pupil response, motor and sensory function, swallowing, speech, and pain evaluation. The establishment of specialized stroke units, which integrate multidisciplinary collaboration, specialized nursing, early rehabilitation, and family involvement, has proven effective in reducing disability and mortality rates. By implementing structured nursing assessments, early warning systems, and evidence-based interventions, stroke care can be optimized to achieve better recovery and improve patients’ quality of life.

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