Understanding Zoonotic Disease Emergence Through Microbial Ecology and Transmission Pathways
- Author P. Saranraj
- Co-Author K. Gayathri, Israa M. Essa, Hasanain A.J. Gharban, B. Lokeshwari
- DOI https://ww
- Country : India
- Subject : Microbiology
Keywords : Zoonotic diseases, Microorganisms, Transmission, Reservoirs and One Health.
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are spread by microorganisms transmitted between animals and humans posing a major global health challenge. These microorganisms originate in animal reservoirs, including livestock and wildlife, as well as environmental niches. Zoonotic diseases are driven by factors such as different factors such as changes in the environment, invasion of the habitat, intensive farming, climatic change, globalization, and adaptation of the microbes. Transmission modes include direct contact, food and water, vectors, air and surfaces that have been infected. This review highlights the diversity and transmission pathways of key zoonotic pathogens such as, Ebola, avian influenza, rabies, and Brucella species is demonstrated. Effective prevention and control require an understanding of zoonotic reservoirs, transmission processes, and microbial origins. The One Health approach advocates for integrated strategies to monitor, predict, and control increasing threats of zoonotic pathogens on human and animal health.
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