Harnessing Microbial Enzymes for Sustainable Industries and Circular Bioeconomy
- Author P. Saranraj
- Co-Author B. Lokeshwari, Israa M. Essa, Hasanain A.J. Gharban, K. Gayathri
- DOI https://ww
- Country : India
- Subject : Microbiology
Keywords : Microbial Enzymes, Industrial Biotechnology, Enzyme Classification, Fermentation, Biocatalysis, Sustainable Applications.
Abstract
High-performing microbial enzymes are now fundamental to modern industrial biotechnology and dominate over 90 % of the commercial enzyme market worldwide. These enzymes are biologically categorised into oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases and are produced using optimized fermentation and downstream processing methods, primarily from bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and actinomycetes. They can be applied in many industries including food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, detergents, textiles, biofuels and remediation of the environment as they provide environmentally friendly solutions to traditional chemical processes. Although the production costs and stability of the enzymes are still an issue, the development of genetic engineering, protein design, and other new technologies such as AI and synthetic biology are promising steps to improve their performance and commercial feasibility. This review highlights how microbial enzyme technology can be used in innovation and sustainability in industries, which is consistent with green chemistry and the circular bioeconomy.
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