A digitalização dos prontuários the digitization of hospital medical records represents a relevant advance for health information management in Brazil; however, it poses significant challenges to the protection of sensitive data, particularly in the care of children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze how the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) have been applied in the process of digitizing hospital medical records, discussing their implications for hospital management and information security. This qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted through an integrative literature review, with searches carried out in the BVS, SciELO, and PubMed databases, complemented by normative and institutional documents. A total of 31 studies and documents published between 2013 and 2025 were included and analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate advances in the adoption of electronic health records, especially in large hospitals, but also reveal persistent weaknesses, such as low system interoperability, the maintenance of hybrid paper–digital records, the absence of standardized institutional protocols, and insufficient training of teams for the secure handling of information. Despite the robustness of the legal framework, the application of the LGPD and the ECA remains heterogeneous and is often limited to formal compliance with regulatory requirements, without consistent integration into care practices and management processes. It is concluded that the digitization of medical records requires not only technological solutions but also structured strategies of governance, compliance, and an organizational culture oriented toward data protection, contributing to the strengthening of safer, more transparent health systems aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions).
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